Resumo Espécies de Peltula ocorrem em ambientes áridos e semiáridos e espécies novas têm sido constantemente descritas em todo o mundo. Neste mesmo sentido, a diversidade de liquens está sendo estudada na diversa, porém pouco conhecida, região centro-oeste do Brasil, e espécies e registros novos têm sido descobertos. Como parte do resultado, Peltula anthracina é proposta como nova para a ciência, e P. leptophylla e P. lingulata como novos registros para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Como a região é altamente ameaçada pela expansão das atividades agrícolas, os autores destacam a importância da conservação da vegetação natural para preservar a diversidade oculta dos liquens.

Abstract Peltula species occur in arid and semi-arid environments, with new species being regularly described worldwide. Lichen diversity is being studied in the diverse but poorly known Midwest region of Brazil, and new species and records are being proposed. In this paper, Peltula anthracina is proposed as new to science, and P. leptophylla and P. lingulata are reported as new records from Mato Grosso do Sul state. As it is a region highly threatened by the expansion of agricultural activities, the authors highlight the importance of the conservation of native flora to preserve lichens’ hidden diversity.

ABSTRACT Pannaria hookeri (Borrer ex Sm.) Nyl. is reported as a bipolar cyanolichen that occurs in more than twenty countries in both Hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, a minor variation is attributed to the species, whereas larger morphological and chemical variations have been reported in specimens from the Southern Hemisphere. Six P. hookeri DNA sequences are available in GenBank, and only one (from Australia) is associated with a published morphological description. In this study, we performed a preliminary phylogenetic analysis including seven nuITS and mtSSU sequences from eight specimens collected in south Argentina. In addition, we provide an update of the taxon circumscription based on 50 specimens from 13 countries. Here, the molecular analyses revealed a well-supported monophyletic group formed by the P. hookeri sequences from Argentina, Australia, Norway and USA (Alaska). Regarding the morphological and anatomical characteristics, the Southern Hemisphere specimens did not present the historical reported variations, resulting in the proposition of a concise species description that accomplishes most of P. hookeri known geographical distribution.

ABSTRACT Collema leptosporum was originally included in Collemataceae as part of the Collema fasciculare group, an informal group that also included C. fasciculare, C. papuanorum, and C. uviforme. However, molecular data from C. fasciculare showed that this species belongs to Arctomiaceae, and all species in this informal group were relocated to Arctomia, although no molecular data were generated and analyzed for C. leptosporum, C. papuanorum and C. uviforme. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Collema leptosporum, currently Arctomia leptospora, we analyzed three DNA loci and examined morphological and anatomical features of specimens collected near the type locality. Genetic data suggest that this species is not included in Arctomiaceae and should be treated as a new genus in Collemataceae. Hondaria gen. nov. is characterized by having the longest transversely-septate ascospores in the family ((100-)120-175(-200) × 2-4(-5) µm). This study also suggests that the structures characterizing the C. fasciculare group are a result of convergent evolution, since this group includes species from different distantly related species.

Resumo Leptogium é um gênero cosmopolita com atualmente 180 espécies aceitas, das quais 46 são citadas para o Brasil. Leptogium atlanticum, L. azureum, L. cyanescens, L. sessile e L. subjuressianum são registradas aqui pela primeira vez para o estado de Santa Catarina. Leptogium chloromelum var. crassius é sinonimizado com L. sessile. Leptogium atlanticum é registrada pela primeira vez fora da localidade tipo. Nós também fornecemos comentários e a primeira chave de identificação para espécies de Leptogium encontradas no estado de Santa Catarina.

Abstract Leptogium is a cosmopolitan genus with currently 180 accepted species, of which 46 are reported from Brazil. Leptogium atlanticum, L. azureum, L. cyanescens, L. sessile and L. subjuressianum are recorded from the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina for the first time. Leptogium chloromelum var. crassius is synonymized with L. sessile. Leptogium atlanticum is recorded for the first time outside the type locality. We also provide comments and the first identification key for Leptogium species found in Santa Catarina state.

Os pêlos das espécies de Leptogium são estruturas complexas que podem determinar grupos dentro da seção Mallotium. Os pêlos compostos de células cilíndricas podem ser curtos e, quando presentes oferecem a superfície uma aparência brilhante (como vidro) ou aveludada. Leptogium involutum, coletada na região Sul do Brasil, uma espécie nova com pêlos aveludados é descrita aqui.

The hairs of Leptogium species are complex structures which determine taxonomic groups within the section Mallotium. The hairs composed of cylindrical cells can be short and, when present on the surface, give origin to glass-or velvet-like hairs. Leptogium involutum, collected in Southern Brazil, a new species with velvet-like hairs is described herewith.

O levantamento de espécimes de liquens foliosos do Parque Estadual da Cantareira e arredores depositados no herbário SP inclui 14 espécimes de cianoliquens, pertencentes à sete espécies dos gêneros Coccocarpia, Collema e Leptogium. Este é o primeiro registro dessas espécies para a área, sendo apresentadas uma chave de identificação, descrições, comentários e ilustrações. Collema fuscovirens é citado pela primeira vez para a América do Sul, Leptogium coralloideum pela primeira vez para o Estado de São Paulo e o lectótipo de L. austroamericanum é designado.

The survey of the foliose lichen specimens of the Parque Estadual da Cantareira and vicinities, deposited at the SP herbarium, revealed 14 cyanolichen specimens, belonging to seven species of the genera Coccocarpia, Collema, and Leptogium. This is the first record of these species for the area, and includes an identification key, descriptions, comments, and illustrations. Collema fuscovirens is recorded for the first time to South America, Leptogium coralloideum is recorded for the first time to São Paulo State, and a lectotype is selected for L. austroamericanum.